The research activities of the Institute of Communication Systems and Data Processing (IND) in the field of packet based speech transmission (Voice over IP, or in short: VoIP) are mainly focusing on the aspects of speech coding, forward error correction, packet loss concealment, and overall system parameterization. We are aiming to develop joint optimal approaches to these system parts which adapt to the demands of the desired application (in terms of data rate & tolerable delay) and to the variable characteristics of the transmission channel. In particular, our research concentrates on the challenges of a robust and reliable Voice over IP transmission in networks with wireless access like UMTS and WLAN.